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Nitrate & nitrite · in your tap water

Nitrate + nitrite

Agricultural runoff · risk to infants

FamilyNitrate & nitrite
Where it comes fromFertilizer runoff
Best fixReverse osmosis (most reliable)

What it is

Nitrate and nitrite enter drinking water primarily from agricultural runoff, septic systems, and natural geology. EPA limits nitrate at 10 ppm (measured as nitrogen) and nitrite at 1 ppm — the nitrate limit is high enough to be acutely dangerous to infants under 6 months ('blue baby syndrome' / methemoglobinemia).

If you're using formula or you're pregnant, this one matters acutely — not just long-term. RO at the tap fixes it.

What you might notice & the health concern

Where it comes from

What actually removes it

Not sure which system you need? Our reverse-osmosis and whole-home pages compare the options, or book a free Home Water Checkup and we'll test your actual tap.

The research

Every source below was checked to make sure the link works and backs the claim it's next to. These are the primary regulators and peer-reviewed studies — not our opinion.

1
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations U.S. EPA

Nitrate MCL 10 mg/L and nitrite MCL 1 mg/L (as nitrogen); blue-baby-syndrome health effect.

2
Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite — IARC Monographs Vol. 94 IARC / WHO (NCBI Bookshelf)

Group 2A: 'probably carcinogenic' under conditions that cause endogenous nitrosation.

3
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review Ward et al., Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health (2018)

Strongest evidence beyond infants: colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, neural-tube defects.

4
Nitrate in drinking water and colorectal cancer risk — a nationwide cohort study Schullehner et al., Int. J. Cancer (2018)

2.7M-person Danish study: elevated colorectal-cancer risk even below the legal limit.

5
Public Health Statement for Nitrate and Nitrite ATSDR / CDC

Sources (runoff, septic, geology) and infant methemoglobinemia.

6
Technical Fact Sheet: Nitrate/Nitrite Water Quality Association

Removal by reverse osmosis (NSF/ANSI 58), ion exchange, and distillation — not carbon.

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This page is general water-quality education, not medical advice. Health classifications and limits are attributed to the EPA, EWG, IARC, ATSDR/CDC, WHO and the cited studies. Contaminant levels vary by water system and home — the only way to know what's in your water is to test it. Prepared by SwiftPro Heating, Cooling & Plumbing.